Lesson Note On TYPES OF PLANE SURVEYING

TYPES OF PLANE SURVEYING

Base on the nature of work to be done, we have the following types of the plane survey.

1) Cadastral survey: Involves measuring, delivery, recording the boundaries of precipitate, supplies map plan beyond a parcel of land described in land register. This is kind of plane surveying used in committed areas of land mostly private properties it is mainly used to establish boundary of the precipitate.

2)Engineering surveying: This embraces the survey work require before, during and after a engineering work, it is done for the construction and design of new roads and rails roads.

The type of scale of engineering surveying of archtechtural work drawing are 1 – 50 or

1:50, 1:100, 1:200 for sight plane and civil engineering work, scale of 1:500, 1:1000,

1:2000, 1:2500 for town survey or highway survey, we have scale of 1:2000, 1:2500,

1:5000,

1:10000 etc.

3)Mining surveying: This is a plane surveying used in determining the position and dimension of underground passage of the mine and also the natural and artificial feature of the mine, the data include both horizontal and vertical parts, length direction and slope of the turning and geological and topographic characteristics in a particular vicinity.

We can have open cast mine survey and underground mine survey.

It generally involves establishment of mineral boundaries and fixation of reverence monuments such as locating bore hole, rail roads and constructing geological map.

4)Road surveying: It is a plane surveying carried out for the purpose of locating and constructing cones of transportation and communication such as highways, rail roads, canal pipeline etc. here primary work usually involve topographic survey.

5)Hydrographic surveying: This is the type of plane surveying carried out in relation to considerable body of water such as lakes, rivers, ponds, etc.

The survey aims at determining channel depth for the purposes of navigation, water supply or sub-aquatic construction. In the case of river hydrographic surveying is made for flood control, water storage and apply, navigation and power supply some of the process in hydrographic surveying include (i) topographic survey of shore and bank, leveling to determine underground profile.

Plotting of such profile taking cross section, calculating volume of networks measuring drawings areas and laying out culvert and bridges.

Topographic surveying: This is a plane surveying used in purchasing map’s and plans of natural and mammals features such as relief, elevation, unequal land surfaces. There is no clear differences between a plan and a map of this nature, it is generally accepted that open details are rail drawn to a chosen scale while in map many textile has to be represented in symbol.

Topographic plan survey are used for engineering or design and administrative purpose only whereas topographic map are found useful in navigation, constructional activities.

The second characteristics of plane survey base or equipment are

1)Chain surveying or linear surveying which include the use of chain or tape to measure distances.

2)Compass surveying: Which involves the use of compass I getting bearing.

3)Theoclatide surveying: Which measure angles of elevation and depression

4)Leveling: Which make use of abnormal level, land standard pole; leveling is defined as the process of finding the differences

between in height of any 2 points on the ground.

For the purpose of

a)Tracing contour line

b)Plotting vertical section

c)Establishing point at given any elevation in constructional project.