Surveying with GNSS (GPS and GLONASS)
GNSS surveys use the signals transmitted by satellites with trajectories such that any point on the Earth’s surface can be determined around the clock and independent of weather conditions. The positioning accuracy depends on the type of GNSS receiver, and on the observation and processing techniques used.
The GNSS Advantage
What is the advantage of GNSS? Compared with the use of a total station, GNSS surveying offers the advantage that the points to be measured do not have to be mutually visible. Provided that the sky is relatively unobstructed (by trees, buildings, etc.) and adequate satellite signals can be received, GNSS equipment can be applied to many survey tasks that were traditionally carried out using electronic total stations.
Many GNSS systems today enable a diverse range of survey tasks with user-guided onboard applications to be carried out with centimeter accuracy in real-time kinematic (RTK) or post-processed on a tripod, pole, ship, vehicle, or on agricultural and construction machinery.
GNSS Reference Stations
Also known as a Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS), a GNSS reference station is typically a multi-frequency GNSS receiver located at known coordinates, supplied with permanent power, and connected to several communication devices.
A CORS typically logs GNSS data for use in post-processing tasks or supplies real-time GNSS correction data to DGPS and/or RTK applications.
In many cases, it performs both tasks, satisfying the demands of many different applications, including surveying, engineering, construction, geodetic control, GIS, monitoring, tectonic studies, and hydrography.
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